Hornbostel–Sachs

Hornbostel–Sachs taxonomy

Musical instruments classified by how they produce sound — from the five abstract families down through ever more particular subclasses.

1Idiophones6 subcategories2Membranophones4 subcategories3Chordophones3 subcategories4Aerophones3 subcategories5Electrophones6 subcategories
11Struck idiophones2 subcategories12Lamellaphones2 subcategories13Friction idiophones4 subcategories14Blown idiophones2 subcategories15Metal sheets4 subcategories16Flexed diaphragms
111Idiophones struck directly2 subcategories112Idiophones struck indirectly3 subcategories
111.1Concussion idiophones (clappers)4 subcategories111.2Percussion idiophones4 subcategories
111.11Concussion sticks or stick clappers111.12Concussion plaques or plaque clappers111.13Concussion troughs or trough clappers111.14Concussion vessels or vessel clappers3 subcategories
111.141Castanets111.142Cymbals111.143Concussion bells

Concussion bells (111.143)