Hornbostel–Sachs

Hornbostel–Sachs taxonomy

Musical instruments classified by how they produce sound — from the five abstract families down through ever more particular subclasses.

1Idiophones6 subcategories2Membranophones4 subcategories3Chordophones3 subcategories4Aerophones3 subcategories5Electrophones6 subcategories
41Free aerophones4 subcategories42Wind instruments proper5 subcategories43Mixed sets of aerophones
420Edge-tone instruments that are not flutes421Edge instruments or flutes3 subcategories422Reedpipes4 subcategories423Labrosones3 subcategories424Membranopipes
421.1Flutes without duct4 subcategories421.2Flutes with duct2 subcategories421.23Flutes with internal baffle and external cover
421.11End-blown flutes2 subcategories421.12Side-blown flutes2 subcategories421.13Vessel flutes without distinct beak421.14Notch flutes2 subcategories
421.121Single side-blown flutes3 subcategories421.122Sets of side-blown flutes2 subcategories
421.121.1Open side-blown flutes2 subcategories421.121.2Partly-stopped side-blown flutes421.121.3Stopped side-blown flutes2 subcategories
421.121.31Stopped side-blown flutes without fingerholes2 subcategories421.121.32Stopped side-blown flutes with fingerholes
421.121.311Stopped side-blown flutes with fixed stopped lower end421.121.312Stopped side-blown flutes with adjustable stopped lower end

Stopped side-blown flutes with fixed stopped lower end (421.121.311)