Hornbostel–Sachs

Hornbostel–Sachs taxonomy

Musical instruments classified by how they produce sound — from the five abstract families down through ever more particular subclasses.

1Idiophones6 subcategories2Membranophones4 subcategories3Chordophones3 subcategories4Aerophones3 subcategories5Electrophones6 subcategories
51Electro-acoustic instruments and devices5 subcategories52Electromechanical instruments and devices5 subcategories53Analogue electronic instruments, modules and components3 subcategories54Digital instruments, modules and components7 subcategories55Hybrid analogue/digital configurations56Software
531Analogue synthesizers and other electronic instruments2 subcategories532Voltage control sources2 subcategories533Other analogue modules or configurations3 subcategories
531.1Analogue instruments with valve/vacuum-tube circuitry531.2Analogue instruments with solid-state circuitry3 subcategories
531.21Solid-state instruments using additive synthesis531.22Solid-state instruments using subtractive synthesis2 subcategories531.23Instruments using hybrid subtractive and additive synthesis

Instruments using hybrid subtractive and additive synthesis (531.23)